Basics of Computer Viruses

Just like you can catch a cold and get sick, a computer can catch a virus and get sick too. But there are clues to understand what computer viruses are, how they happen, and how to protect our devices.

How Do Computer Viruses Happen?

A computer virus is a program that can make your laptop or tablet “sick.” These viruses happen when someone is tricked into downloading malware or viruses, often through email messages and online searches. Cybercriminals hide malware inside things that look like useful programs, genuine company websites, or pop-up advertisements.

Types of Cyber-Attacks

There are a few ways these digital threats try to attack:

  • Adware (Pop-ups): Sometimes an attack looks like a ton of pop-up ads flooding your screen. If you see these, it is important not to click on them because they could launch code that causes further damage to your system.
  • Malware and Viruses: These programs can cause harm to your computer, monitor how you use it, and copy your sensitive data.
  • Ransomware: This is an attack that can end up on your device if you click on mysterious links or go to untrustworthy websites. It requires specific protection software to defend against it.
  • Tricky Messages: Sometimes malware is hidden inside fake emails or texts that pretend to be from a friend or a trusted company.

How to Prevent Danger and Protect Your Computer

Cyber Investigators know how to set up defenses! Here are four ways to stop a virus:

  • Ask a Trusted Adult: Always ask your parents or a trusted adult to help you figure out if an email or a website is safe before you click.
  • Don’t Click on Strangers: Do not open email from strangers or click on links in suspicious emails. Clicking on links from senders you do not know is a very common method for malware to enter computers.
  • Keep Secrets Safe: Never share your passwords, real name, or home address online.
  • Keep Things Updated: Software companies continually update their software to better protect against malware threats. Ensure your operating system, internet browser, and antivirus software are up to date.
  • Use a Digital Shield: Install antivirus software on your computer to fight malware.

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